¶ … Computer Science
Research on Alternatives to Visual-Based CAPTCHAs for Sight-Impaired Users
Created to block the Web bots used by spammers, CAPTCHA ("Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a technology used to verify that a person, rather than an automated system, is entering the data. A visual-based CAPTCHA shows distorted text and then users type in what they see in order to proceed. Users encounter CAPTCHAs in a variety of different Internet activities, such as submitting online comments and forms, creating email accounts, and registering for networking sites [1].
Because CAPTCHAs cannot be read by machines, the screen-reading software used by blind computer users cannot read the text either [2], which leaves these people unable to use the Web sites. This paper reviews the literature on CAPTCHA alternatives for blind and sight-impaired users.
In Spoken Captcha: A Captcha System for Blind Users, the authors propose using a sound clip, with the user responding with the matching word [4]. A speech file of the user's voice is created, and the system then checks to ensure the word matches and to verify that the voice is not…
Aristoxenos, two centuries after Pythagoras released his model, sought to discredit the standing theories held by Pythagorean devotees. In his works, he established that numbers are not relevant to music, and that music is based on perception of what one hears, not any mathematical equation. Descartes as well as Vincenzo Galilei (Galileo's father) both also discredited the music-to-math theories that formed the revolutionary basis for Pythagoras' music work, but not
The trainer will then focus on the steps to be taken to develop new skills. For example, if the trainer wants to talk about motivating, leading, negotiating, selling or speaking, it is best to start with what the learners do well before showing some chart on Maslow's theory, Posner's leadership practices, or selling skills from some standard package that has been develop elsewhere. Many foreign trainers make grave errors
Enterprise Architecture Barratt, C.C., Acheson, P., & Luken, E. (2010). Reference models in the electronic library: The Miller Learning Center at the University of Georgia. Reference Services Review 8(1), 44 The authors of this article provide the most effective ways of providing support to the patrons of the large university to ease the undertaking of activities within its electronic library. The authors conducted research to evaluate the effectiveness of different models of
Good researchers tend to pull methods out of a tool kit as they are needed" (2006, p. 54). Notwithstanding these criticisms and constraints, though, most social researchers seem to agree that classification by some type of research paradigm is a useful approach based on the need to determine which approach is best suited for a given research enterprise. In this regard, Corby concludes that, "The contested nature of research
Variations are to ask each student to write their own sheet or to have small groups do so. (22) Value Lines: Students line up according to how strongly they agree or disagree with a proposition or how strongly they value something. This gives a visual reading of the continuum of feelings in the group. Next, sort students into heterogeneous groups for discussion by grouping one from either end with
Revised Introduction: Challenges and Strategies in Assisting Children with DisabilitiesHandling the needs of children with disabilities is a complex task for both families and professionals, whether at home or within educational environments. To effectively handle these issues, it is crucial to harness technology efficiently, particularly in selecting and comprehending the correct Assistive Technology (AT). As an element of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), AT has undergone substantial development since the
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